{"id":118,"date":"2019-05-15T05:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-05-15T05:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/algorand-silvio-micalis-instant-blockchain-consensus-over-a-crypto-empowered-protocol\/"},"modified":"2020-01-31T11:20:27","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T10:20:27","slug":"algorand-silvio-micalis-instant-blockchain-consensus-over-a-crypto-empowered-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/backend\/blockchain\/algorand-silvio-micalis-instant-blockchain-consensus-over-a-crypto-empowered-protocol\/","title":{"rendered":"Algorand, Silvio Micali\u2019s instant blockchain consensus over a crypto-empowered protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cThe blockchain does not exist!<\/strong>\u201d This kicked off the beginning of the conference held by Silvio Micali, the mind behind the Algorand proposal, at the Data Driven Innovation Conference<\/a> in Rome<\/span>, on May 10, 2019.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSilvio Micali on stage at Data Driven Innovation, on May 10, 2019, at the Roma Tre University.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cThe blockchain has been a pie in the sky until now\u201d, that is, a theorised heavenly confection promised to crude people in return for their overall better behaviour, according to the Urban Dictionary. To fulfill this promise, there is the need for much more technology than what has been demonstrated up to now.<\/p>\n

Vitalik Buterin, the mind behind the Ethereum<\/span> project, talked about the so-called Blockchain Trilemma: you need three points on blockchain, security, scalability and decentralisation, but you can only have two of them at the same time. But the Pure proof-of-stake approach gives the users all three points: the Trilemma is solved with Algorand<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Micali announced the next technology steps of his proposal:<\/p>\n

Vault: a blockchain compression technology aimed at reducing and distributing the cost of storage, and reducing the amount of bandwidth required to join the network, for better performance and scalability;
\nAtomic2 swaps, i.e. truly atomic swaps<\/strong>;
\nSmart2 contracts, i.e. truly smart contracts<\/strong>;
\nPrivacy;
\nSelf-governance.<\/p>\n

Moreover, Algorand\u2019s first sale<\/span> at a Dutch Auction<\/a> is to be held very soon. A longer and richer description can be found on a recent Silvio Micali\u2019s paper on Medium<\/a>.<\/p>\n

What is Algorand?<\/h2>\n

Let\u2019s take a step back. The blockchain is based on digital trust. Cumulative funding of 66 million USD is a declaration of trust that nobody can deny. The claim to make blockchain truly fast, decentralised and secure is the distinctive motto of Algorand. Their representatives described this technology during a previous event held at Roma Tre University on January 22. They also met the Italian community on January 21 in Milan.<\/p>\n

The company<\/span> was founded in 2017 by cryptography pioneer Silvio Micali, the Italian-born MIT professor, after some years of previous work related to this subject. \u201cWe are mainly targeting the financial environments,\u201d stated Chris Hurley, Algorand’s Head of Investor Relations and Business Development. Silvio wasn\u2019t there, but Jason and Chris briefed about the Company<\/span>\u2019s organisational and development stuff.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSimone Forcella, Jason Weathersby, Chris Hurley, and Sergio Caserta at the Rome Meetup in January 2019.<\/em><\/p>\n

Silvio defines his creature this way: \u201cAlgorand fulfills the promise of blockchain technology through a first-of-its-kind blockchain transaction platform purpose-built for business<\/span>\u201d. (Micali @ CESC 2017<\/a>)
\nThe name Algorand should come from Rand-omising Alg-orithm<\/a>, the foundational pillar of their proposal: \u201cIt\u2019s a way to describe our VRF, the verifiable random function\u201d, confirms Jason Weathersby, Algorand’s Senior Developer Advocate.<\/p>\n

Micali believes that \u201cThe distributed ledger is going to be a beautiful and useful infrastructure to us, to cement ourselves as humanity as any other infrastructure we ever saw. If we build it correctly, it\u2019s going to hold the planet up for a long, long time\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nJason Weathersby on stage at the Rome Meetup.<\/em><\/p>\n

Solving the blockchain trilemma<\/h2>\n

According to their documentation, and Micali\u2019s presentation, \u201cthe Algorand platform solves the \u201cblockchain trilemma\u201d by offering the true decentralisation, scalability<\/span>, and security<\/span> that businesses need while also distributing opportunity to everyone who builds applications or transacts on the Algorand platform.<\/p>\n

Algorand provides an infrastructure for existing businesses and new projects<\/span> to operate globally in the emerging decentralised economy. Algorand\u2019s first-of-its-kind, permissionless, pure proof-of-stake protocol supports the scale, open participation and transaction finality required to build systems for billions of users.<\/p>\n

The cryptographic base is granted by Micali\u2019s direct knowledge<\/span>, together with some other experts and advisers in the same arena. Not to be forgotten, Silvio Micali is a Turing Award-winner<\/a> with the 2013 edition, together with Shafi Goldwasser. The Turing award is often referred to as the \u201cNobel Prize in Computing<\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Instant Consensus Protocol<\/h2>\n

Let\u2019s see Algorand\u2019s protocol basis. When we describe the \u201cchain\u201d as a distributed ledger technology, we are not clear, because the ledger is NOT a distributed one: it is a replicated one.<\/p>\n

There is something distributed: it is the consensus, the basis for the trust. The main mechanism to achieve this is an expensive proof-of-work, to be granted through the complex BA (Byzantine Agreement) algorithm.<\/p>\n

Algorand\u2019s informal definition for VRF is a function that, for a fixed key-pair and an input X, produces a unique pseudorandom verifiable output.<\/p>\n

Algorand\u2019s work focuses on at least two blockchain\u2019s weak points, the proof-of-work related costs, and the consensus generation. Algorand is basically a cryptography-based consensus protocol. This protocol is implemented on a blockchain through the VRF, verifiable random function.<\/p>\n

The VRF is constantly online on all of the members\u2019 devices, so there are no user classes (user, miner, non-mining node). The VRF selects a random user to compile a block of transactions. The algorithm then selects about 1,000 more users, whose importance is weighted on their money in the net, that have to validate the block, reaching a minimum of the 66% of the weighed money. That\u2019s why this system\u2019s assumption is said to be an \u201chonest majority of money\u201d. The choosing mechanism is said to be a \u201clottery\u201d: it is a simple one, executes immediately and propagates its proof, then plays the BA protocol.<\/p>\n

Once the block is validated, it is propagated to all nodes in the network.<\/p>\n

Everything starts from the VRF: this algorithm proves to everybody in the network who is a block proposer or a verifier, without the need to propagate this proof to everybody on the net.<\/p>\n

Solving skepticism from the developers\u2019 world<\/h2>\n

The world of business<\/span> is still clapping its hands to Algorand, a scalable, cryptographically empowered and energy-savvy consensus protocol.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the developers\u2019 world was skeptical about this project<\/span> when it launched, mainly about the openness of the project<\/span> and the similarity with the bitcoin mood.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s list some of them:<\/p>\n