{"id":138,"date":"2019-04-24T11:56:32","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T09:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/maps-in-a-3d-world\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T13:04:10","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T11:04:10","slug":"maps-in-a-3d-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/big-data\/maps-in-a-3d-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Maps in a 3D world"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"firstcharacter\">T<\/span>his article is an overview of GIS applied to the 3D field. GIS involves a lot of knowledge from different disciplines.<br \/>\nAs developers we have a lot of ways to use and combine these data sources.<br \/>\nSometimes I feel GIS is not so commonly known among developers. Let&#8217;s try to discover a bunch of interesting things about GIS. Hope you like it and get inspired for your next project.<\/p>\n<h2>Maps look like a 2D thing<\/h2>\n<p>We use maps everyday, but it&#8217;s not very often we see them in 3D. Why? Any of us could guess the following reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Navigation is the main use case. 2D is enough for this task.<\/li>\n<li>We don&#8217;t have enough 3D source data to work with.<\/li>\n<li>When we are dealing with 3D, we probably have to build a custom app in the same way as video games or movies.<\/li>\n<li>3D is a fancy thing, just to make maps more beautiful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you are a developer, you know those &#8220;reasons&#8221; are not accurate, but try to put on the average consumer&#8217;s shoes.<br \/>\nIn fact, some developers still don&#8217;t know how powerful <strong>GIS<\/strong> is, and they think <strong>maps<\/strong> are a bunch of geolocated points. When you are dealing with geolocated data, you only have <strong>latitude<\/strong> and <strong>longitude<\/strong> or <strong>x<\/strong> and <strong>y<\/strong>, but what about <strong>elevation<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<h2>When is elevation important?<\/h2>\n<p>A visual example could be better for understanding the importance of elevation:<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"width: 300px; height: 110px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j9JXtTj0mzE\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2474 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-24-at-13.35.16.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Img 1: Augmented reality sandbox with real-time water flow simulation<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If you start thinking about <strong>when elevation information matters<\/strong>, you&#8217;ll realise there are a lot of use cases: <strong>construction, sea and river navigation, telcos<\/strong>&#8230; You can check some of them at this <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/gis-applications-uses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">big list of GIS applications<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>How 3D information is obtained, processed and used in maps<\/h2>\n<p>We&#8217;ve just seen how important elevation can be, so how can I get as a developer this information? Is it just another field in a geodatabase or a geolocated file? Is there any <strong>API<\/strong> that I could use?<br \/>\nIn GIS jargon, when we talk about elevation, we often say <strong>DEM<\/strong> or <strong>Digital Elevation Model<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThere are lots of terms and acronyms, depending on <strong>how the data is gathered<\/strong>, <strong>the data format<\/strong> and <strong>what the analysis is meant for<\/strong>. If you are interested in the differences, take a look at the following video:<\/p>\n<div class=\"articles-video\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0UwgPOAkx-c \" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>As you can see in the video, there are several sensors and ways to get elevation information and different formats as well.<br \/>\nYou can combine these different sources in a <strong>GIS workflow<\/strong> to build an Information model and consume it through SDKs or APIs, depending on which target is going to use it.<br \/>\nIn the following picture, we can see a workflow from <strong>LiDAR<\/strong> point clouds captured by a drone to a <strong>Scene Layer (3D)<\/strong> that can be consumed and edited in a browser.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2474 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/image_process_chain.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Img 2: GIS workflow with LAS files<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If you want to see the whole process, from LAS files to a 3D scene, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JxdX3kZCJmY&amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;t=1415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">take a look at this demo<\/a>.<br \/>\nIf you combine a <a href=\"https:\/\/elevation3d.arcgis.com\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/WorldElevation3D\/Terrain3D\/ImageServer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DTS<\/a> (Digital Terrain Service) with some <a href=\"http:\/\/cassini-apur.opendata.arcgis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">open data of the buildings in Paris<\/a>, you can easily build a 3D map and also can start to measure distances too! <a href=\"https:\/\/geogeeks.maps.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=b6c889ff1f684cd7a65301984b80b93d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check it out and play with it<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2474 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/paris3d.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Img 3: Paris in 3D<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Getting Elevation from services<\/h2>\n<p>We usually use <strong>APIs<\/strong> in our daily work as developers. So if you only want to know the elevation of a geographic point, you can use an <strong>elevation service<\/strong> which is just another <strong>REST API<\/strong>. Easy peasy!<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p class=\"codepen\" data-height=\"413\" data-theme-id=\"0\" data-slug-hash=\"ZVKmJq\" data-default-tab=\"html,result\" data-user=\"ntkog\" data-pen-title=\"Query Elevation\" data-preview=\"true\">See the Pen <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\/pen\/ZVKmJq\/\">Query Elevation<\/a> by ArcGIS JS API (<a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\">@ntkog<\/a>) on <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\">CodePen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.codepen.io\/assets\/embed\/ei.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Elevation services offer more than the elevation value on several locations. They can perform <strong>visibility analysis<\/strong> (viewshed, line of sight), <strong>hydrology analysis<\/strong> like the downstream of a flow or use some prediction models for estimating risk of some floodings.<br \/>\nImagine that you are a film-maker and you are planning to film some scenes. You want to place several cameras across an itinerary. GIS can help you to watch from any camera position. <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.esri.com\/jg\/VisibilityAnalysis\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Take a look<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Look underground<\/h2>\n<p>You cannot see what&#8217;s underground on a flat map (2D). You basically have a basemap, but everybody knows there are a lot of things underground: <strong>water pipes<\/strong>, <strong>tubes<\/strong>, <strong>power grids<\/strong>, etc.<br \/>\nSo how can we display those items? You know already: a 3D map!<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s see an example:<\/p>\n<p class=\"codepen\" data-height=\"265\" data-theme-id=\"0\" data-slug-hash=\"pqPGdR\" data-default-tab=\"html,result\" data-user=\"ntkog\" data-pen-title=\"Underground View Map\" data-preview=\"true\">See the Pen <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\/pen\/pqPGdR\/\">Underground View Map<\/a> by ArcGIS JS API (<a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\">@ntkog<\/a>) on <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\">CodePen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.codepen.io\/assets\/embed\/ei.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Look through buildings<\/h2>\n<p>Finally, <strong>BIM<\/strong> (Building Information Model used in Architecture) and <strong>GIS<\/strong> are joining forces. The level of detail of buildings (furniture, windows, lamps, etc.) is combined with the geographic accuracy of the GIS.<br \/>\nNow we can build 3D maps of the buildings, getting access to any detail of the building or just filtering some assets of it. There are endless possibilities. Check it out!<\/p>\n<p class=\"codepen\" data-height=\"265\" data-theme-id=\"0\" data-slug-hash=\"XoRLow\" data-default-tab=\"html,result\" data-user=\"ntkog\" data-pen-title=\"Building slice widget demo\" data-preview=\"true\">See the Pen <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\/pen\/XoRLow\/\">Building slice widget demo<\/a> by ArcGIS JS API (<a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\/ntkog\">@ntkog<\/a>) on <a href=\"https:\/\/codepen.io\">CodePen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/static.codepen.io\/assets\/embed\/ei.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is an overview of GIS applied to the 3D field. GIS involves a lot of knowledge from different disciplines. As developers we have a lot of ways to use and combine these data sources. Sometimes I feel GIS is not so commonly known among developers. Let&#8217;s try to discover a bunch of interesting&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/big-data\/maps-in-a-3d-world\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"collections":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-138","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-big-data","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maps in a 3D world - Codemotion Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We use maps everyday, but it&#039;s not very often we see them in 3D. 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This article is an on how 3D information is obtained, processed and used in maps.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/big-data\/maps-in-a-3d-world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Codemotion Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Codemotion.Italy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-24T09:56:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-22T11:04:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/paris3d.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"510\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jorge Barrachina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Maps in a 3D world\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CodemotionIT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CodemotionIT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jorge Barrachina\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jorge Barrachina\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ccd31efa14bfc717989a5e81d7fc1923\"},\"headline\":\"Maps in a 3D world\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-24T09:56:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-22T11:04:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":813,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/paris3d.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Big Data\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/\",\"name\":\"Maps in a 3D world - Codemotion Magazine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/ai-ml\\\/big-data\\\/maps-in-a-3d-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.codemotion.com\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/paris3d.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-24T09:56:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-22T11:04:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"We use maps everyday, but it's not very often we see them in 3D. 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