{"id":26461,"date":"2024-03-12T15:27:45","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T14:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/?p=26461"},"modified":"2024-03-12T15:35:12","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T14:35:12","slug":"scrum-metodologia-util-o-problematica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/es\/devops-es\/scrum-metodologia-util-o-problematica\/","title":{"rendered":"Scrum: \u00bfmetodolog\u00eda \u00fatil o problem\u00e1tica?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El advenimiento de las metodolog\u00edas \u00e1giles ciertamente ha sido un fen\u00f3meno similar a la revoluci\u00f3n de los a\u00f1os 60. Creo que es una especie de Woodstock de la inform\u00e1tica<\/strong>, que, como suele suceder en la vida, solo vi desde lejos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, sigo conociendo a personas que estuvieron all\u00ed y que siempre se detienen a contarme que tal evento nunca volver\u00e1 a suceder y c\u00f3mo los programadores del pasado se amaban, intercambiaban coronas de flores, etc. Bueno, en resumen, el meme de Robert Downey Jr. lo explica perfectamente.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Mi legado hist\u00f3rico como consultor me ha ense\u00f1ado que hablar sobre Agile en el contexto de la administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica pone de mal humor a todo el mundo y te hace parecer uno de esos personajes listos para ser lapidado en La Vida de Brian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por el contrario, en contextos de startups, mostrar un diagrama de Gantt puede causar narcolepsia y mareos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, los no ortodoxos saben que ambos pueden aplicarse en contextos donde Cynefin nos permite enmarcar el problema<\/strong> en t\u00e9rminos de complejidad, caos, simple y complicado.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Pero una vez que se toma un camino Agile, comienzas a evaluar qu\u00e9 framework elegir, y ah\u00ed comienza otra guerra, m\u00e1s peque\u00f1a pero no menos sangrienta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfScrum lleg\u00f3 antes que Agile, o Agile antes que Scrum? Aunque la metodolog\u00eda Scrum es un framework de Agile, su forma primordial fue presentada por primera vez por Jeff Sutherland, John Scumniotales y Jeff McKenna en 1986 <\/strong>en la empresa de consultor\u00eda “Easel Corporation”. Inicialmente, el t\u00e9rmino “Scrum” fue tomado del contexto del rugby para describir una forma colaborativa de jugar, haciendo eco de las acciones del scrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1991, Jeff Sutherland present\u00f3 Scrum en la conferencia OOPSLA <\/strong>(Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications), contribuyendo a formalizar los conceptos de Scrum. Durante este per\u00edodo, Ken Schwaber estaba trabajando de manera independiente en m\u00e9todos de desarrollo iterativo y se uni\u00f3 a Sutherland para ampliar y promover Scrum. En 1995, Schwaber y Sutherland publicaron el primer art\u00edculo sobre el Proceso de Desarrollo Scrum. Durante este per\u00edodo, comenzaron a definir roles clave en Scrum, como Product Owner, Scrum Master y Development Team, junto con eventos como Sprint y Sprint Review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“Si entrevistamos a 3 expertos en Scrum, lo describir\u00edan de manera tan diferente que parecer\u00eda estar en una famosa pel\u00edcula de Kurosawa”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

En 2001, Schwaber particip\u00f3 en la redacci\u00f3n del Manifiesto \u00c1gil<\/a> en Snowbird, Utah, que enfatiza los principios fundamentales de los enfoques \u00e1giles en el desarrollo de software. Como se puede leer en la p\u00e1gina que recuerda el evento, Scrum fue uno de los frameworks clave mencionados en el Manifiesto \u00c1gil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2009, Ken Schwaber y Jeff Sutherland <\/strong>publicaron la primera versi\u00f3n de la “Gu\u00eda de Scrum<\/a>“, un documento que define de manera clara y concisa los roles, eventos y artefactos de Scrum. La Gu\u00eda de Scrum se ha convertido en el recurso oficial para comprender Scrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scrum ha ganado popularidad m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del desarrollo de software, extendi\u00e9ndose a otras disciplinas como la gesti\u00f3n de proyectos, la gesti\u00f3n de productos e incluso el marketing, pero algunos incluso lo usan para cocinar. Su aplicaci\u00f3n se ha extendido a varios sectores m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del tecnol\u00f3gico, y hoy en d\u00eda Scrum es uno de los frameworks \u00e1giles m\u00e1s utilizados,<\/strong> ofreciendo un enfoque flexible y colaborativo para el desarrollo de productos y la gesti\u00f3n de proyectos. La Gu\u00eda de Scrum se revisa peri\u00f3dicamente para reflejar las mejores pr\u00e1cticas emergentes y mantener actualizado a Scrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es la metodolog\u00eda Scrum? Si entrevistamos a 3 expertos en Scrum, lo describir\u00edan de manera tan diferente que parecer\u00eda estar en una famosa pel\u00edcula de Kurosawa, as\u00ed que pongamos todos los avisos del mundo sobre lo que sigue. Incluso la descripci\u00f3n dada por scrum.org afirma que Scrum “ayuda a las personas y los equipos a entregar valor incrementalmente de manera colaborativa. Como framework \u00e1gil, Scrum proporciona suficiente estructura para permitir que las personas y los equipos integren la forma en que trabajan, al tiempo que agregan las pr\u00e1cticas adecuadas para optimizar sus necesidades espec\u00edficas<\/em>.” Comienza con la frase lac\u00f3nica “Si est\u00e1s comenzando con Scrum, pi\u00e9nsalo como\u2026”<\/em> lo que significa que el viaje es mejor que el destino, y apenas est\u00e1s comenzando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la pr\u00e1ctica, proporciona una estructura para el trabajo colaborativo dentro de los proyectos (los complejos). Est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para permitir el desarrollo y la entrega r\u00e1pidos de productos de calidad, centr\u00e1ndose en la flexibilidad y en responder a las necesidades del cliente o del mercado. As\u00ed que es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iterativo e incremental<\/strong>: Scrum organiza el trabajo en iteraciones llamadas sprints, cada una generalmente con una duraci\u00f3n de una a cuatro semanas. Durante cada sprint, se produce un incremento del producto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roles definidos<\/strong>: Scrum define claramente los roles principales, incluido el Product Owner (responsable del producto), el Scrum Master (facilitador del proceso) y el Development Team. Cada rol tiene responsabilidades espec\u00edficas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Backlog del producto<\/strong>: El Product Owner mantiene un backlog de productos, una lista priorizada de elementos de trabajo que representan caracter\u00edsticas deseadas o objetivos para el producto final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planificaci\u00f3n de sprint y reuniones de Scrum<\/strong>: Al comienzo de cada sprint, el equipo se re\u00fane para planificar qu\u00e9 elementos del backlog se completar\u00e1n durante la iteraci\u00f3n. Al final de cada d\u00eda, se lleva a cabo una breve reuni\u00f3n llamada Scrum diario para supervisar el progreso e identificar cualquier obst\u00e1culo. Hasta la fecha, los eventos m\u00e1s sangrientos despu\u00e9s de las reuniones de condominio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revisi\u00f3n y retrospectiva<\/strong>: Al final de cada sprint, el equipo realiza una revisi\u00f3n para demostrar los resultados logrados durante el sprint y revisar el backlog. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo una retrospectiva para reflexionar sobre el rendimiento del equipo e identificar mejoras para los pr\u00f3ximos sprints. Aqu\u00ed, tambi\u00e9n se mide la infame “velocidad del equipo”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transparencia e inspecci\u00f3n regular<\/strong>: Scrum es sin\u00f3nimo de transparencia. A trav\u00e9s de herramientas como el backlog y el gr\u00e1fico de quemado, permite la inspecci\u00f3n constante del progreso y la correcci\u00f3n de rumbo, si es necesario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adaptabilidad<\/strong>: Scrum est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para adaptarse a los cambios en los requisitos del producto o las prioridades del cliente. La adaptabilidad est\u00e1 integrada en el framework, lo que permite al equipo responder r\u00e1pidamente a los comentarios y los cambios solicitados. Por lo general, en estos contextos, el menos adaptable resulta ser el scrum master.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfEl m\u00e9todo scrum es un problema?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"This<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Las opiniones sobre Scrum, o cualquier framework o metodolog\u00eda, var\u00edan seg\u00fan las experiencias personales, las necesidades del proyecto y el equipo en cuesti\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muchas personas encuentran que la metodolog\u00eda Scrum no encaja bien en su contexto o que hay desaf\u00edos espec\u00edficos en su implementaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, pero esta es la primera reacci\u00f3n ‘conservadora’ de cualquier empresa frente a una novedad, y sabemos despu\u00e9s de numerosos estudios y tantos memes que la frase m\u00e1s peligrosa en la econom\u00eda moderna es “siempre lo hemos hecho as\u00ed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si profundizamos un poco m\u00e1s, podemos encontrar algunas cr\u00edticas comunes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complejidad<\/strong>: Muchos argumentan que Scrum puede parecer complicado y requerir una curva de aprendizaje considerable para ser implementado correctamente. Claramente, esto depende mucho de qui\u00e9n haya intentado implementar Scrum en la empresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como sabemos, el camino al infierno est\u00e1 pavimentado de buenas intenciones, y si tuviera un euro por cada persona inexperta que intent\u00f3 Scrum en las empresas, dej\u00e1ndolo morir despu\u00e9s de un tiempo, ahora tendr\u00eda al menos el equivalente a un Bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adaptabilidad<\/strong>: Algunos cuestionan la capacidad de Scrum para adaptarse efectivamente a todos los tipos de proyectos, especialmente aquellos de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o o altamente complejos. Personalmente, funciona muy bien para los peque\u00f1os, pero para los altamente complejos, no puedo dar fe de ello porque a\u00fan no he enviado cohetes a la luna (todav\u00eda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfoque en la cantidad de trabajo<\/strong>: M\u00e1s de una vez, muchos se quejaron de que el enfoque en sprints y la planificaci\u00f3n basada en la cantidad de trabajo (estimaci\u00f3n de puntos de historia) llev\u00f3 a una falta de atenci\u00f3n a la calidad del producto. Y desafortunadamente, he experimentado esto varias veces. El equipo est\u00e1 formado por personas (por ahora \ud83d\ude04), y las personas, seg\u00fan su antig\u00fcedad, ignoran que el aspecto cualitativo nunca debe pasarse por alto. Un problema cultural que est\u00e1 en la ra\u00edz del fracaso de la adopci\u00f3n de Scrum en casi todos los contextos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roles r\u00edgidos<\/strong>: Algunos equipos pueden encontrar que la estructura de roles r\u00edgidos de Scrum (Scrum Master, Product Owner, Equipo) puede no adaptarse bien a su cultura corporativa o din\u00e1mica de equipo. Nuevamente, no es la rigidez de Scrum, recordemos que es un framework, sino la rigidez de las personas lo que hace que parezca menos adaptable en contextos no convencionales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cambios culturales dif\u00edciles<\/strong>: Implementar Scrum puede requerir cambios culturales significativos dentro de una organizaci\u00f3n, y las personas pueden resistirse a tales cambios. Creo que este es el problema principal. No es posible adoptar Scrum donde hay resistencia cultural al cambio y las personas no comprenden completamente los beneficios de dicho cambio. No solo corres el riesgo de no implementar el framework, sino que incluso puedes salir mucho menos convencido de que Scrum puede ser la soluci\u00f3n a muchos problemas, haci\u00e9ndonos dudar de su adaptabilidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Casi todas las cr\u00edticas a Scrum se derivan de interpretaciones o implementaciones incorrectas, en lugar de defectos intr\u00ednsecos en el framework. Muchas organizaciones encuentran Scrum extremadamente \u00fatil para mejorar la transparencia, la comunicaci\u00f3n y la entrega de valor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como con cualquier metodolog\u00eda, es importante adaptar y personalizar Scrum en funci\u00f3n de las necesidades espec\u00edficas del equipo y el proyecto. Pero sobre todo, siempre es mejor probar la disposici\u00f3n de la organizaci\u00f3n para el cambio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El advenimiento de las metodolog\u00edas \u00e1giles ciertamente ha sido un fen\u00f3meno similar a la revoluci\u00f3n de los a\u00f1os 60. Creo que es una especie de Woodstock de la inform\u00e1tica, que, como suele suceder en la vida, solo vi desde lejos. Sin embargo, sigo conociendo a personas que estuvieron all\u00ed y que siempre se detienen a… Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":238,"featured_media":26445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10626],"tags":[11619],"collections":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26461","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-devops-es","8":"tag-scrum","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfEl m\u00e9todo Scrum ayuda o crea m\u00e1s problemas?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nuestro Dev Talent Partner, Arnaldo Morena, reflexiona sobre los desaf\u00edos de Scrum en el mundo tecnol\u00f3gico de hoy.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/es\/devops-es\/scrum-metodologia-util-o-problematica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scrum: \u00bfmetodolog\u00eda \u00fatil o problem\u00e1tica?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nuestro Dev Talent Partner, Arnaldo Morena, reflexiona sobre los desaf\u00edos de Scrum en el mundo tecnol\u00f3gico de hoy.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/es\/devops-es\/scrum-metodologia-util-o-problematica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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