{"id":4208,"date":"2020-04-24T15:08:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T13:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/?p=4208"},"modified":"2023-05-30T15:31:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:31:16","slug":"using-machine-learning-to-diagnose-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/machine-learning\/using-machine-learning-to-diagnose-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Machine Learning to diagnose COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-89ae6fa6 wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-undefined uagb-block-761c3274-d893-4e0a-bab2-cfb27182af7f     \"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTable Of Contents\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#what-is-covid-19\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">What is COVID-19<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#the-challenge-of-testing\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">The challenge of testing<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#false-positives-and-false-negatives\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">False positives and false negatives<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#turning-to-machine-learning\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Turning to machine learning<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#how-will-ml-diagnosis-work\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">How will ML diagnosis work?<\/a><\/ul><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-182d3e32\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/sars_coronavirus\">SARS-CoV<\/span>-2 <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ba14c8a0\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/coronavirus\">coronavirus<\/span> and the associated COVID-19 disease have totally dominated our lives this year. The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c0af7a9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/virus\">virus<\/span> has brought death and hardship on a truly biblical scale. The fight against the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e137a456\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/virus\">virus<\/span> has sparked a huge research effort.  In the run up to the <a href=\"https:\/\/events.codemotion.com\/conferences\/online\/2020\/deep-learning\/\" class=\"ek-link\">Codemotion conference on deep learning<\/a>, we look at  how researchers have turned to machine <span id=\"urn:enhancement-386379c6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/learning\">learning<\/span> and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b417883b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">artificial  intelligence<\/span> for help. These include using unsupervised <span id=\"urn:enhancement-eee2e1ea\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/learning\">learning<\/span> to find <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-52120747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">potential drug therapies<\/a> and using ML to determine <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/04\/16\/new-mit-machine-learning-model-shows-relaxing-quarantine-rules-will-spike-covid-19-cases\/?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAIz0GjiO8PzGgYqf9NHyJIY_IsUmrkCqJTRja35EoT7JelBi19NEQlR3a2Dg2tYjEPqxYg3ZwbXXiLHX44sAz4K6Fsf8DxVWJJpabU-Id3KbmJ5F8aN9RI9tYaI4BSfct30UCEK-W_7JAKJIt9oEFHV-gVv90405xPR0_kiGcGuR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">when to relax quarantine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-covid-19\">What is COVID-19<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span id=\"urn:enhancement-b6f34710\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span>, or <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2fe71ba\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/coronavirus\">coronavirus<\/span> disease 2019, is the official name for the acute respiratory disease caused by the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-eeedf91e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/sars_coronavirus\">SARS-CoV<\/span>-2 <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7ee1a346\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/coronavirus\">coronavirus<\/span>. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-16827d50\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span> is characterised by a high fever and a persistent dry cough. As it develops further, it leads to severe pneumonia and, ultimately, respiratory collapse. Currently, there are no approved treatments or vaccines for <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2c2f1a28\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span>. As a result, the only way to contain the disease is through testing, contact tracing and isolation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-of-testing\">The challenge of testing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Testing for SARS-CoV-2 is challenging. Most tests rely on a process called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">reverse transcription polymerase reaction<\/a> or RT-PCR. This test works by finding traces of the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-55ce0e8a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/virus\">virus<\/span>\u2019s RNA within a sample. The test is usually very accurate, although there are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/false-negative-coronavirus-test-accuracy-rates-worry-experts-report-2020-4?r=DE&amp;IR=T\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">reports of up to 30% false negatives<\/a> (see later for why this matters). The real problem is, this test is slow, requires specialised machines and needs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-52276836\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">chemicals that are in short supply<\/a>. These constraints mean no large country has managed to <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/full-list-cumulative-total-tests-per-thousand?year=2020-04-20\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">test more than ~2.5%<\/a> of their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-baa6c9ab\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/statistical_population\">population<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another approach relies on serology. That is, it looks for the presence of antibodies within a patient\u2019s blood. If there are antibodies present, that means the patient has previously been infected with the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1f8466c9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/coronavirus\">coronavirus<\/span>. As things stand, no antibody test has been proven to be effective enough for use in the field. And even if someone has antibodies, it won\u2019t prove they are either <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/04\/17\/who-issues-warning-on-coronavirus-testing-theres-no-evidence-antibody-tests-show-immunity.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">immune<\/a> or no longer carriers of the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4ab00d21\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/virus\">virus<\/span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-false-positives-and-false-negatives\">False positives and false negatives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Any test will always give a number of false results. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c8c95b62\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/false_positives_and_false_negatives\">False positives<\/span> will incorrectly label someone as suffering from COVID-19. This can be a problem if they subsequently recover and believe they are now immune. To try and reduce this risk, most patients are tested multiple times. The bigger problem is with false negatives. That is <span id=\"urn:enhancement-5d20ac2c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/test_assessment\">tests<\/span> that incorrectly say someone is free from SARS-CoV-2 when they aren\u2019t. This is a much more significant problem because it means <span id=\"urn:enhancement-185a1bbf\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/people\">people<\/span> that are infectious believe that they aren\u2019t. This is one key reason why so many countries insist on <span id=\"urn:enhancement-97840f02\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/quarantine\">quarantine<\/span> for anyone with COVID-19 symptoms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-turning-to-machine-learning\">Turning to machine learning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In a previous article, we already described <a href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/dev-hub\/machine-learning-dev\/epidemic-intelligence-data-models-and-machine-learning-in-the-age-of-coronavirus\/\" class=\"ek-link\">the risks of  developers and computer scientists dealing with viruses and the available epidemic data<\/a>. Nonetheless, here we try to recap the most significant current efforts to create machine <span id=\"urn:enhancement-579196ba\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/learning\">learning<\/span> models for diagnosing <span id=\"urn:enhancement-52115b25\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/people\">people<\/span> with COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers in two labs have turned to an alternative approach for testing. They are trying to establish if you can detect patients with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-5072eb41\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span> from how they sound. In both cases, the researchers are using machine <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2fe3355a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/learning\">learning<\/span> for this. However, their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b18f42be\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/methodology\">methodology<\/span> is slightly different. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cl.cam.ac.uk\/~cm542\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Professor Cecilia Mascolo<\/a> of the University of Cambridge <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cl.cam.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Computer Laboratory<\/a> is leading one effort. The other <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4d205341\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> is led by Dr Rita Singh at Carnegie-Mellon University and builds on her earlier work on <a href=\"https:\/\/cina.gmu.edu\/research-feature-rita-singh-profiling-hoax-callers-forensic-analysis-of-voice-recordings\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">voice profiling<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.covid-19-sounds.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">COVID-19 Sounds Project<\/a> at Cambridge is currently collecting <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a86999f5\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> from as many <span id=\"urn:enhancement-17b87aa8\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/people\">people<\/span> as possible. They are doing this using an <span id=\"urn:enhancement-625d2340\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/mobile_app\">app<\/span>, which is available on the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ab29bb1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-organization\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/google\">Google<\/span> <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4457ee7\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/google_play\">Play Store<\/span>, online, and (soon) on iOS. The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6ec3e8f4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/mobile_app\">app<\/span> asks you to record yourself reading aloud, coughing and breathing. You provide basic demographics (e.g. age, gender). You are also asked to self-report whether you are suffering from COVID-19 or not. Importantly, the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3856ab4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/mobile_app\">app<\/span> is anonymous\u2014it collects no direct identifiers. This <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a0874248\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> will be used to train <span id=\"urn:enhancement-53d193c9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/machine_learning\">machine learning<\/span> models that seek to predict whether someone has COVID-19.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-68171bfb\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> at <span id=\"urn:enhancement-aa977e7e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-organization\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/carnegie_mellon_university\">Carnegie-Mellon<\/span> are working on a <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/cvdvoice.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">COVID Voice Detector<\/a>. As already mentioned, their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4bb45901\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/system\">system<\/span> builds on their existing voice-profiling <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1150cef5\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/conceptual_model\">models<\/span>. As with the Cambridge <span id=\"urn:enhancement-752bbf6c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/project\">project<\/span>, their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c1e96320\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/system\">system<\/span> needs <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1d4c63e4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/user_computing\">users<\/span> to provide recordings of their voice. In this case, you are asked to cough several times, recite the alphabet, and then record a set of vowel sounds. The initial version immediately gave you a score indicating how likely it thought you were to have <span id=\"urn:enhancement-17366ecb\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span>. However, within a very short time, the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-38723194\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> realised this was a potential problem since there was no evidence for how accurate the test was. As Dr Singh said in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-52215290\">BBC report<\/a>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p> \u201cIf a system tells a person who has contracted COVID-19 that they don&#8217;t  have it, it may kill that person. And if it tells a healthy person they  have it, and they go off to be tested, they may use up precious  resources that are limited. So, we have very little room for error  either way and are deliberating on how to present the results so that  these risks vanish.&#8221; <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Other <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-ce251d01\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">teams<\/span> are working on similar approaches. For instance, a <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-cae87ea\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> the <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" style=\"user-select: auto;\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/news\/2020\/03\/31\/uw-researchers-need-your-digital-coughs\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">University of Washington<\/a> is working on a <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-5a17b416\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/system\">system<\/span> to identify and classify coughs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-will-ml-diagnosis-work\">How will ML diagnosis work?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the projects above are hoping that they can identify a unique \u201cfingerprint\u201d for how COVID-19 affects how we sound. In particular, they hope that there will be distinct differences compared to other illnesses and diseases that affect the respiratory tract. As the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-f51c69cc\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> at Carnegie-Mellon say on their <a href=\"https:\/\/cvd.lti.cmu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">website<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p> \u201cThe sound of our voice (regardless of language), and the sounds we make  when we breathe or cough change when our respiratory system is  affected. The changes range from coarse, clearly audible changes, to  minute changes &#8212; what we call \u201cmicro\u201d signatures, that are not audible  to the untrained listener, but are nevertheless present.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, it isn\u2019t known whether this is actually possible, nor whether the resulting model will be accurate. However, last year, a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4049198c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> at Curtin University and The University of Queensland, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2741a9d4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-place\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/australia\">Australia<\/span> reported that they had <a href=\"https:\/\/respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1046-6\" class=\"ek-link\">developed an app<\/a> to diagnose respiratory diseases using a similar approach. If this approach does work for <span id=\"urn:enhancement-34045376\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span>, it can potentially be used to speed up initial diagnosis over the phone. This will allow more accurate targeting of scarce medical <span id=\"urn:enhancement-830ab142\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/resource\">resources<\/span>. Even if it isn\u2019t completely successful, the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7e33e7c1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/project\">projects<\/span> are expected to create huge datasets. These should prove useful for other studies into the physiological effects of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7573942f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/covid-19\">COVID-19<\/span>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the associated COVID-19 disease have totally dominated our lives this year. The virus has brought death and hardship on a truly biblical scale. The fight against the virus has sparked a huge research effort. In the run up to the Codemotion conference on deep learning, we look at how researchers have&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/machine-learning\/using-machine-learning-to-diagnose-covid-19\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":4,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[5100],"collections":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4208","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-machine-learning","8":"tag-coronavirus","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - 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