{"id":8187,"date":"2020-10-05T17:28:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T15:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/?p=8187"},"modified":"2021-12-23T12:00:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T11:00:04","slug":"ai-financial-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/ai-financial-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"How AI Can Help Solve the Challenges of Economic and Financial Inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-538ebce5      \"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTable Of Contents\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#why-ai-for-tax-policies\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Why AI for tax policies?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#economic-ai-simulation-as-a-learning-environment\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Economic AI Simulation as a Learning Environment<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#critical-collaboration-in-response-to-social-and-economic-challenges\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Critical collaboration in response to social and economic challenges\u00a0<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#want-to-launch-a-developer-event-despite-the-challenges-of-covid-19\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Want to launch a developer event despite the challenges of  COVID-19?<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-rzwyLs\">Disciplines such as <a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/tag\/machine-learning\/\">machine learning<\/a>, <a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/dev-hub\/machine-learning-dev\/local-data-science-is-dead-ai-with-a-devop-mindset\/\">data science<\/a>, and <a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/dev-hub\/machine-learning-dev\/artificial-intelligence-the-new-electricity\/\">AI<\/a> are heavily steeped in academia. However, they are rapidly showing their utility in creating real-world solutions to current economic, environmental, and social challenges by joining forces with economists, epidemiologists and other <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-79e8af7c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/information_technology\">professionals<\/span>. <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-6e781aca\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> combined with <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-e2160091\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/internet_of_things\">IoT<\/span> can help monitor&nbsp;<a style=\"user-select: auto;\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/omdena.com\/projects\/ai-wildfires\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wildfires in the Amazon<\/a>. <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-e49765b9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/scientific_modelling\">Modeling<\/span> and <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-1791cfa1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_neural_network\">neural networks<\/span> can <span style=\"user-select: auto;\" id=\"urn:enhancement-5b22ca89\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/prediction\">predict<\/span>&nbsp;<a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/dev-hub\/machine-learning-dev\/epidemic-intelligence-part-2-data-models-and-machine-learning-in-the-age-of-coronavirus\/\">COVID-19 numbers<\/a>. ML models can help support doctors in making discharge<a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/dev-hub\/machine-learning-dev\/scaling-is-caring-scalable-pipelines-for-machine-learning-in-healthcare\/\">&nbsp;decisions.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-7wEkkK\">Salesforce Research recently published&nbsp;<em><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.13332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The AI Economist<\/a><\/em>, a research framework that studies <strong>how to improve economic <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c36da434\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/design\">design<\/span> using <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d38aa1de\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span><\/strong> to optimize productivity and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-7dc81c6f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_equality\">social equality<\/span>. This new <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d402057\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/open_source\">open source<\/span> <span id=\"urn:enhancement-f23bd830\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> framework for the economic <span id=\"urn:enhancement-eabd13bb\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policy<\/span> was designed to simulate millions of years of economies \u2013 in parallel \u2013 to help economists, governments, and others design tax <span id=\"urn:enhancement-81f93ed6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policies<\/span> that optimize social outcomes in the real world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-kuBFGK\">Specifically, the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a6dd6aa1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist is a <strong><span id=\"urn:local-annotation-719470\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/machine_learning_2\">machine learning<\/span> framework<\/strong> for economic <span id=\"urn:enhancement-9cb8f701\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/design\">design<\/span> from Salesforce <span id=\"urn:enhancement-56452961\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/research\">Research<\/span>. It uses two-level multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to train a &#8220;social planner&#8221; that sets taxes and subsidies in a simulated <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3fe23896\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/market_economy\">market economy<\/span> that contains independently learning <span id=\"urn:enhancement-182fd04c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"eplus-I1wcbh wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-ai-for-tax-policies\">Why AI for tax policies?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image eplus-b3Vn14\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/money-3219337_1280-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"Paying taxes\" class=\"wp-image-11018\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-mihvDH\">Economic <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e9a6c356\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_inequality\">inequality<\/span> is accelerating globally and is a growing concern due to its negative <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4aa23bae\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_influence\">impact<\/span> on economic opportunity, health, and social welfare. Many studies have shown that high-income <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a2386dd4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_inequality\">inequality<\/span> can negatively impact <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1c06fff0\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/economic_growth\">economic growth<\/span> and economic opportunity. Taxes can help reduce <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ec091a14\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_inequality\">inequality<\/span>, but it is hard to find the optimal <span id=\"urn:enhancement-61cbcebc\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_policy\">tax policy<\/span>. Finding a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b00d74e1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_policy\">tax policy<\/span> that optimizes <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4079ca06\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_equality\">equality<\/span>, along with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d9ee54e6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/productivity\">productivity<\/span>, is an unsolved problem. The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c5f2b2a3\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist brings <strong>reinforcement learning<\/strong> (RL) to <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ef05c9ef\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_policy\">tax policy<\/span> design for the first time to provide a purely simulation and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1bb9a2b8\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span>-driven solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-6q2JbM\"><span id=\"urn:enhancement-7e22ba93\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/research\">Research<\/span> has resulted in a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3b9ef65d\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/conceptual_model\">model<\/span> that is 16% more effective than a leading&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/eml.berkeley.edu\/~saez\/derive.pdf\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tax framework proposed by Emmanuel Saez<\/a>. Instead, analysis has found that the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-cfda0a76\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist implements qualitatively different tax schedules than the baselines, with higher top <span id=\"urn:enhancement-af8805ad\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_rate\">tax rates<\/span> and lower rates for middle incomes. It&#8217;s also been useful in simulations with human participants, achieving competitive <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2e8c2fbd\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_equality\">equality<\/span>-productivity trade-offs with the baselines and significantly higher income-weighted average social welfare. This suggests promise in using this approach to improve social outcomes in real economies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"eplus-5wB13d wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-economic-ai-simulation-as-a-learning-environment\">Economic AI Simulation as a Learning Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image eplus-IxRewx\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"914\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ai-economist.jpg\" alt=\"AI Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-11008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ai-economist.jpg 914w, https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ai-economist-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ai-economist-768x379.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 914px) 100vw, 914px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-0IjZkp\">The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d02a2308\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist is a purely simulation and <strong><span id=\"urn:enhancement-b0ee9da\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span>-driven approach<\/strong> to the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-aa688297\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/design\">design<\/span> of optimal tax <span id=\"urn:enhancement-917db868\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policies<\/span>. It uses a principled economic simulation with both workers and a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-df7f77f6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policy maker<\/span> (a &#8220;planner&#8221; in the economics literature), collectively learning<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>using reinforcement learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-yhhZe2\">The simulation uses a two-dimensional world. There are two types of resources: wood and stone. Resources are scarce: they appear in the world at a limited rate. Workers move around, gather and trade resources, and earn income by building houses (this costs stone and wood). Houses block access: workers cannot move through the houses built by others. The simulation runs this economy throughout an episode, which is analogous to a &#8220;working <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b7bffacf\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/career\">career<\/span>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-5YLQnx\">Economic AI agents learned to &#8220;game&#8221; taxes to lower their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-443c52c8\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_rate\">effective tax rate<\/span>. Every time the AI government intervenes or changes its <span id=\"urn:enhancement-54bd0483\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/tax_policy\">tax policy<\/span>, these agents are smart enough to find loopholes or ways to game the system, like alternating between tax periods with high and low incomes. From a technical point of view, that means things can become very unstable. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-95990732\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_equality\">Equality<\/span> can fluctuate. Because <span id=\"urn:enhancement-61f12956\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> agents are trying to maximize profits in a fluctuating environment, it means the simulation is closer to what it&#8217;s like in real life.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-rI0WQX\">The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-57b160b1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist also achieves <strong>improvements in <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a1fc1a0f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/social_equality\">equality<\/span> and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6dff4758\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/productivity\">productivity<\/span><\/strong> with real people earning real money, achieving significantly higher inverse-income weighted social welfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-5ecvyy\">According to team member Nikhil Naik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-gAQfGz\">&#8220;<strong>Our <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6be40cbd\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/conceptual_model\">model<\/span> is incredibly powerful<\/strong>. Economists have previously relied on theorems, but theorems require simple math and are predicated on people behaving rationally. Our world today is getting more complex, and economic theories of the future need to incorporate additional requirements such as environmental protection seamlessly. Also, economic agents often exhibit complex, irrational, competitive, or collaborative behaviors. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c1e59bfc\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> helps to model such complexity and a broad spectrum of behaviors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-HKLaVp\">Our <span id=\"urn:enhancement-aa2c52c1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/conceptual_model\">model<\/span> gives economists and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-50dfe3d0\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policy-makers<\/span> <strong>additional <span id=\"urn:enhancement-55b504c1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/programming_tool\">tools<\/span> on which they can base their <span id=\"urn:enhancement-fa1a693c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/decision-making\">decisions<\/span><\/strong>. By simulating millions of years of economies and finding various tax frameworks, the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-fdc9eee1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist can <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a03e80eb\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/prediction\">predict<\/span> how people would actually respond to a tax, like whether it will incentivize them to work more or work less.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-tv7bUs\">In September this year, The Salesforce <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b04afd84\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/research\">Research<\/span> <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c4b7ffee\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">Team<\/span> launched an <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1519b403\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/open_source\">open source<\/span> project to build an <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4ac6e6b1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> Economist for the real world. It aims to develop an <span id=\"urn:enhancement-f4810d07\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> social planner that optimizes economic <span id=\"urn:enhancement-82174e13\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/policy\">policies<\/span> and improves social welfare. They are seeking <span id=\"urn:enhancement-61a6be22\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> researchers, economists, and policy experts to help. You can view their <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/salesforce\/ai-economist\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">documentation<\/a> and signup to find out more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"eplus-VayBMr wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-critical-collaboration-in-response-to-social-and-economic-challenges\">Critical collaboration in response to social and economic challenges&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-ZkAXhl\">Many startups and enterprises are <strong>applying <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3e1118e6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> to monitor, predict, and respond to complex global problems<\/strong>. An example is&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/omdena.com\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Omdena<\/a>, a collaborative platform founded in May 2019, where a global community of changemakers builds <span id=\"urn:enhancement-eae8c51c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span> solutions to real-world problems. There are currently 24 projects created across 84 countries, dealing with detecting wildfires, predicting climate change, and preventing gang violence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"eplus-r6y43E wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-banking-the-unbanked\"><strong>Banking the unbanked<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-1dmRsF\">According to the World Bank, about 1.7 billion adults do not have an <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6a045427\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/user_computing\">account<\/span> at a financial institution or through a mobile money provider. One of the main reasons is that &#8220;first-time-borrowers&#8221; do not possess a credit history, collateral, or any previous <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2a55a4fa\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/user_computing\">accounts<\/span>. All of which are essential for conventional credit scoring approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-B9cfu1\">45 researchers worked together in partnership with local financial institution Creedix, to build an <strong>ethical <span id=\"urn:enhancement-87380f38\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/artificial_intelligence\">AI<\/span>-based credit scoring system<\/strong>. Utilized, this would enable people to get access to fair and transparent credit. They determined the creditworthiness of an un-banked customer with alternate and traditional credit scoring <span id=\"urn:enhancement-a6caf22b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> and methods, focusing initially on Indonesia, with three distinct <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3c535e94\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> sets &#8211; with appropriate privacy safeguards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-NnJ5zf\">The <span id=\"urn:enhancement-80a6939\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> decided on the following features taken from the project partner&#8217;s <span id=\"urn:enhancement-89729f10\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> and scrapped for additional <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d9791eaa\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> sources to fill in gaps. The scraped <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d00ac229\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">data<\/span> came from numbeo to get the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-9f6ab55e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/cost_of_living\">cost of living<\/span> per area and living expenses. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d52ebe54\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/data\">Data<\/span> from Indeed provided <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1119a9b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/salary\">salary<\/span> numbers to assign an average <span id=\"urn:enhancement-844cf1d\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/salary\">salary<\/span> to different kinds of jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-WLkMWG\">The final deliverables of the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4012acaa\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/research\">research project<\/span> were engineered <span id=\"urn:enhancement-dcac2225\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/feature_machine_learning\">features<\/span> and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-45bb5e94\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/machine_learning\">machine learning<\/span> pipelines both for supervised and unsupervised learning. In the next step, the Creedix <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e2c49523\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/team\">team<\/span> will look through the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-df4ef3ec\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/feature_machine_learning\">features<\/span> and decides on the weightage for each <span id=\"urn:enhancement-9851ecc9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/feature_machine_learning\">feature<\/span> to build the final <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4184dc88\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/machine_learning\">machine learning<\/span> <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d75fa6c4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl01770\/entity\/statistical_model\">models<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"eplus-viWvHk wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-want-to-launch-a-developer-event-despite-the-challenges-of-covid-19\">Want to launch a developer event despite the challenges of  COVID-19?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-Dlirgv\">If you want to know more about how modern technologies and tools can support you for \u2013 and during \u2013 the organisation of a virtual event, don\u2019t miss this article showcasing the best tools we used to&nbsp;<a style=\"user-select: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/articles\/events\/hosting-virtual-conference\/\">host our online conferences<\/a>&nbsp;since the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Disciplines such as machine learning, data science, and AI are heavily steeped in academia. However, they are rapidly showing their utility in creating real-world solutions to current economic, environmental, and social challenges by joining forces with economists, epidemiologists and other professionals. AI combined with IoT can help monitor&nbsp;wildfires in the Amazon. Modeling and neural networks&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codemotion.com\/magazine\/ai-ml\/ai-financial-inequality\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":11013,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":5,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"collections":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8187","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ai-ml","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - 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